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Public Record Office of Ireland: The Story of a Building

The Public Record Office of Ireland: The Story of a Building

June – August 2022

Architecture Gallery

Past exhibition

This exhibition is presented by the National Archives of Ireland in partnership with the Irish Architectural Archive and tells the story of the once magnificent building that was the Public Record Office of Ireland; from its construction to its burning during the Battle of the Four Courts in June 1922 to its final reconstruction.

The Public Record Office was a highly innovative structure, carefully designed and purpose built to function as an archival repository. Built between 1864 and 1866, the Public Record Office consisted of a three-storey over-basement Record House with staff offices, a caretaker’s apartment, a library, a binding room and a public reading room.  Behind the Record House was the Record Treasury, an enormous six-storey building containing 100,000 square feet of shelving with records accumulated over seven centuries.

Architectrual drawings showing details of entrance hall and staircase, General Records Repository, Four Courts, Dublin, from hte OPW Collection, National Archives iof Ireland, 1864
Details of entrance hall and staircase, General Records Repository, Four Courts, Dublin (National Archives, OPW 5HC/1/106 /8), 1864
Architectural drawing showing details of ironwork for windows, General Records Repository, Four Courts, Dublin, from the OPW Collection in the National Archives of Ireland ,1864
Details of ironwork, General Records Repository, Four Courts, Dublin (National Archives, OPW 5HC/1/106 /7), 1864

The building’s external architectural expression announced the importance of its function; granite walls dressed in a restrained classicism which speaks of responsibility, seriousness, tradition, and permanence. The centrally-placed reading room, with its coved glazed roof, provided not only a highly suitable space for consulting archives, but a space whose architectural austerity amplified the dignity and importance of that activity. And then there was the Treasury – a fantastically innovative space in which cutting edge technology and the materials of the age of Railways – iron and glass – were deployed to enclose and preserve the memory of a nation.

In April 1922, anti-Treaty forces occupied the Dublin’s Four Courts buildings, where the Public Record Office of Ireland was located. On June 30th 1922, an explosion in an adjacent building at the Four Courts started a fire which spread to the Record Treasury. The fire destroyed much of the building and most of its contents.

Black and white photograph showing the site of the explosion adjacent to the PROI building, Junly 1922, from the IAA Collections.
Site of explosion adjacent to PROI, July 1922 (IAA 10/35 X 7)
Photograph of the interior of the Record Treasury building, Public Records office of IReland, from the Mills Album in the national Archives of Ireland, 1914
Photograph of the interior of the Record Treasury building (NAI, Mills Album,1914)

Within days, staff of the Public Record Office began the momentous task of retrieving the records from the rubble. Gathering documents found amongst the ruins, staff sorted and identified them. In just under a year they packed 25,000 sheets of paper and parchment into nearly 400 bundles. However, it would be a century before staff of the National Archives would begin working on these salved records.

By 1923, the Public Record Office building was sufficiently repaired to allow staff to resumed working on site. Reconstruction works then started on a more modest replacement building. This building is now occupied by the Court of Appeal to the front and the National Archives to the rear and basement.

The Irish Architectural Archive would like to thank Orlaith McBride, Zoe Reid, Karen Downey and Hazel Menton of the National Archives, and Dara Lynne Lenehan and Brian Hickey of Epic.

Previous Exhibitions

2025

The Architect as Artist: Paintings by Brendan Millar

Ireland House Tokyo

Karl Burke

to be filled

2024

Best Laid Plans: an exhibition by visual artist Mandy O’Neill

The Charm of K-Art

Neighbours in Space and Time: Grafton Architects at Sir John Soane’s Museum

The FNCI at 100

Chemins de migration

2023

The Coiffured

Little Republics

Remaking the Crust of the Earth

The Architecture of al-Andalus: Photographs by Michael Barry

Stirling Wilford and Associates, 1980-2000

Buildings End: An Ultimology Drafting Room

Architectural Presidents

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